May 2021 with Avantika Velho for the Hyundai-RISD Adaptive Ecologies Partnership
This project tasked us with researching how natures, technologies, and social interactions can redefine smart cities as adaptive ecologies, split into two phases, research and design. The research phase of the project can be found in a separate page on this site.
On our current trajectory, urban futures will be subjected to instability due to overpopulation, climate change and ecological scarcity. In this design phase, we proposed designing an interconnected system of multilevel stability to be implemented into existing coastal cityscapes. This development considered stability in terms of food, water, climate change, biodiversity, and the citizens in this system. Our case study targeted the public parking garage and its surrounding structures (buildings, parks, roads) due to their large urban footprint and current inability to act as multi-use spaces.
This project is about embracing our biological foundations as we innovate our structural systems.
Video Summary
Initial Process
We entered this project with a body of research into two tangentially related fields: phenotypic plasticity and altruistic alarm calling. Our first step in this long process was to synthesize our existing work and determine what sort of proposal we wanted to make. In this early stage, our only design prompt was to "redefine cities of the future using nature as a blueprint." That can mean almost anything, and it could easily result in a project that might look compelling but fail to meaningfully consider nature's role in the city. To get on the same page, we partook in a number of brainstorming activities.
We felt it was crucial to reuse and repurpose existing cityscapes, rather than tearing down or abandoning our current flawed structures. This would become a central theme in the project.
A city is a diverse arena, so to help decide which areas we would target, we conducted two brainstorms focused on single use spaces and unmet needs in cities, respectively.
From here, we returned to our list of single-use spaces and created a basic map of a city block containing those spaces. In the second image, we added some satellite imagery to help visualize how the city block looks like in the present day. In the last image, we added speculative imagery of how the city block could look in the future, through our intervention.
This exercise made it clear to us that due to the broad nature of our project, we would need a case study to help orient viewers. Out of our selected single-use spaces, we focused in on public parking garages.
In the map to the left, we have highlighted all the areas of land designated to public parking in just one area of Boston (the Seaport). As you can see, parking dominates the map. Parking garages are emblematic of many problems in modern cities, from the prioritization of cars of humans to the issue of violent crime in dense urban areas. As single-use spaces, they primarily exist to house personal vehicles. In a future where there will be more people than ever and less space than ever, how can we continue to justify this inefficiency?
Making matters worse is the large urban footprint garages occupy. The Boston Seaport map is just one small example of this issue. Due to the reliance we currently have on the automotive industry, parking garages are some of the most common buildings in a city. Additionally, parking garages are hotspots for violent crime. 7.3% of all violent crimes in the USA occur in parking spaces annually. These spaces are highly anonymized, often vacant, and very disconnected from the communities they exist within.
The idea behind the case study was that we could roll out proposed changes to our parking garage in 4 stages based on time, starting with simple and approachable elements and moving onto areas connecting to the greater city. By focusing on the garage instead of the whole city, we could set a blueprint for how every part of the city should be treated while also allowing a more approachable entry into our project for viewers.
A Staged Approach
Stage 1 is the first major step, beginning to build out the retrofits and redesigns of the case study.
Stage 2 continues the work from the previous stage and begins to connect to the larger city.
Stage 3 embraces a vividly different future, and sets a plan for how radical change should look in the city of the further future.
Having sorted our project into the stages, we realized the format of our topic required a further degree of organization. While the stages covered the chronological element of our work, we still needed something to separate out the types of work we hoped to create. After some consideration, we eventually chose to separate each of our stages out into three levels of focus: structural, social, and natural. These 3 interconnected levels each contain plans for every stage of our 4 stage plan. In simpler terms, we’ll be viewing our case study from 3 angles, across 4 time periods.
STRUCTURAL
We imagine the structural level being the physical changes that will be made to the space. Here we go into how we imagine the parking garage to be retrofitted to facilitate our social and natural programming. In our endeavor to make the parking garage more multi-use we propose certain systems like vertical farming, rainwater collection systems, hydroponic irrigation systems, and a plethora of sensing technologies that we would then integrate into the space. At the city level it shows how the structure of the city will change overtime as a result of the network of connectivity established through the integration of technology into its buildings and the lives of its citizens.
Stage 0
Our primary concept for moving parking garages from single–use to multi–use is centered on adding farming and safety elements into the space, while decreasing the over–emphasis on parking over time.
The preliminary changes of Stage 0 would see vertical farming structures and aquaponics begin to be installed in the space. In this stage, the garage is mostly still a parking space, with some added structures to support farming.
Stage 1
Moving into stage 1, we would expand the farming capacity of the structure to keep up with growing food demands and install sophisticated multipurpose sensors that would provide data to assist the plants and people in the building.
Stage 2
In stage 2, our focus would turn to reinforcing the underground sections of the space to prepare for the upcoming flooding of coastal areas. We would also upgrade the sensor system to enhance connectivity and responsiveness of the to space, including connections to screens and speakers, as well as navigational LED walkways.
In this stage, emphasis on parking is slowly being stripped back, with more vertical farms added, resulting in less parking spaces. Instead, the garage is being moved closer to a community space.
In this stage, emphasis on parking is slowly being stripped back, with more vertical farms added, resulting in less parking spaces. Instead, the garage is being moved closer to a community space.
Adaptive Awareness Network: The Community Adaptive Awareness Network is a concept that would help organize our future society. It is an integrated network of sensors and responsive technologies that interact with individual nodes which could be a person, a building, vehicle or other structures.
Stage 3
Stage 3 is focused on a need–based resource allocation system governed by the community adaptive awareness network. Moving forward from the parking garage module, the tech and logics present in the previous stages will be implemented city–wide. The map below shows how structures across the city could be transformed into multi–use spaces that are all able to interface together as part of the network.
Adaptive Awareness Network: inspired by the phenotypic plasticity in ants and the collective awareness of altruistic systems, this network of connectivity connects people to their environment, their needs and to each other. Over time this network of inputs, responses and feedback loops governs the structure of the city by controlling long term resource allocations based on need.
System details: This system would be able to reorganize over time based off input from individual nodes which could be a person, a building, vehicle or any other actor connected to the community adaptive awareness network . That reorganization could be physical, like activating temporary shelter spaces in response to a weather event, or it could be digital, like a ping being sent out to notify the citizens of a certain community or individual need.
If the city can recognize need and respond to it effectively, that adds to resource efficiency, especially when resources are scarce. It would only provide things where they are needed- and this need can be crowdsourced.
Social
At our case study level, our social level outlines how the increased multi-use programming and adaptive awareness system might benefit the community. Urban design is often viewed from a structural lens, but we seek to address social issues through social solutions here. How might we use emerging technologies to improve our spaces? How might we use social programs to create more welcoming community spaces?
Stage 0
As we mentioned a little earlier, we want to build an adaptive sensing network that addresses needs across the case study and larger city.
In stage 0, people will tap into/ access the adaptive sensing system through the format of a smart device app. This will allow an accessible forward route into the system.
Another important element on the social side is reducing the amount of violent crime that occurs. Due to the vertical farms implemented in the same stage from the Structural level, the garage will be naturally brighter and more populated. This will begin to passively address crime rates by removing factors that contribute to making current garages hotspots for assaults.
Stage 1
In stage 1, we would be focusing on how to allow the benefits of the farming within the garage to reach to residents of the local neighborhood. To ensure the transfer of power from the hands of the entity that built the garage to the hands of the people who live and act in the space, a training program would be instituted. This program would teach community members how to cultivate the farming space.
STage 2
A major element of this stage would be the conversion of the garage from a passive space to an active one. This means that the system governing the garage would be able tlo use its vast array of sensors and digital connections to monitor its space and respond appropriately to incidents that could occur inside. The animation below illustrates how, given a series of events, the system might respond to an individual collapsing inside the garage.
Stage 3
The final stage would see the expansion of this cascading series of logics across the citywide system. The rise of magnetic smart fabrics and non-electronic tokens would allow all people, regardless of economic level, access to the technology needed to interface with the system. The system itself would not be limited to the parking garages and instead would operate across the entire urban landscape.
During our research into relevant emerging technologies, we discovered a process for encoding data into magnetic thread which can be woven into apparel items. We speculated this technology could be used to further enhance interfacing between people and the adaptive awareness system in stage 3. Theoretically, if one was wearing clothing woven with the correct magnetic threading, they could encode personal data elements into their apparel.
For example, a person prone to seizures could encode that, along with their necessary medication. As they enter a smart space like the garage, the system would be able to read their chosen data using magnetometers. Then, if that person were to have a seizure in the space, even if their mobile device was out of battery or if the system was down, the local garage system would be able to access the medical data and react.
Non-electronic tokens: Our theorized use of smart fabrics offers an exciting alternative to traditional data storage, but one issue it faces is further marginalizing any individual who lacks access to technology, such as the unhoused. To address this deficiency, we have also researched a method of interfacing with our digital ecosystem without the need for an electronic device. By using this technology, which simply requires a conductive physical input object (a token), we could allow an incredibly low–cost way to access digital systems.
To encode their token with personal medical data or whatever else, an individual could simply visit a public internet resource like the library and use the system there. From that point, their token would be comprehensible to the general system by way of RF scanners and WiFi backscatter , providing the same safety net as the smart fabrics.
Natural
Our natural level goes into how we envision our relationship with nature. It tries to define a new, more equitable dynamic between humans, cities and native ecosystems by the planned assimilation of the city into its surroundings to create an integrated ecosystem. Rewilding of the city space repositions humans within nature’s framework and makes room for a respectful, balanced, and healthy relationship between the two.
Stage 0
Stage 1
Introducing biodiversity: In the wake of global warming and rising populations it will become increasingly important for the city to support itself. This is where nature can come in and create an abundant landscape in the city so we might take what we need from it but also nurture it to live with us. We see so much potential for future cities to be meaningfully green and by that we mean, the plants grown inside the city should either be food crops, medical plants or ecologically relevant and restorative.
Our goal is to gradually transition the parking structures in the city into productive urban farms that nourish their communities. Growing medicinal plants in these community gardens might provide people with knowledge and access to beneficial plant based remedies. We would also work to reintroduce native ecosystems into the city by transforming monocultural public parks into havens for indigenous biodiversity.
Urban Heat: Existing concrete parking lots and pavements are impermeable flood prone areas and causes of urban heat island effect . We propose depaving significant surface area of concrete and constructing low impact developments like bioswales and other biofilters to make the ground more permeable to water to mitigate floods. These bioswales can be created around the edges of parking lots and around pavements, roads and rooftops to capture and treat stormwater and other polluted runoff . They can also be integrated into road medians, curb cutouts, sidewalks, or any public space.
Bioswales: Bioswales are elevated low impact drainage systems used to treat stormwater. As the storm water runoff flows through the bioswale, the pollutants are captured and settled by the leaves and stems of the plants.
The pollutants then enter the soil where they decompose or can be broken down by the bacteria in healthy soil. They are extremely beneficial in protecting surface water and local waterways from excessive pollution and help recharge groundwater.
Bioswales can also be designed to be aesthetically pleasing and attract animals and create habitats.
Stage 2
Stage 3
Due to increased levels of coastal flooding, Stage 3 will be characterized by the recolonization of the city by native aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that will provide us with numerous ecosystem services to form a city that grows with nature.
Early in Stage 3 we would construct elevated walkways and public transit to prepare for the rising sea levels. To connect the archipelago of buildings to one another we propose the construction of a new connective tissue of elevated walkways, public transit and unmanned cargo channels.
The lowest layer would be pedestrian walkways that span buildings. These walkways would have wider platforms to act as areas of public congregation. The middle layer would be electric public transit vehicles. The highest layer would be the unmanned cargo carriers.
Later in Stage 3 as cities begin to get denser, the goal would be to emphasize walkability and with the layout of the city becoming increasingly multi use, one won’t need to travel larger distances to fulfill their needs. This would redefine movement in the city.
Conclusion
Unfortunately for us, climate change has ensured that coastal flooding is an inevitable part of our future. And it’s beyond clear massive reform is needed to steer us away from our current unsustainable trajectory. Since many of these elements are happening no matter what, we’ve chosen to embrace them. But we don't see that as a bad thing, and certainly did not create this project to be a dystopia. If this is how our future will be, we want to maximize how incredible that could be, instead of dwelling on the collective selfishness that led us to this position.
We’ve chosen to fortify our flooded cities and optimize them for the incoming water, because abandoning that level of infrastructure would be an expensive mistake and a bad precedent for future cities. We’ve chosen to put the people of our city first, with safety, shelter, and stability all crucial elements of our social level. We’ve allowed nature to reclaim our city to enact a truly collaborative future city which exists in tandem with local ecologies, not in spite of it.
We’ve designed this module because we choose to believe in our futures, and will do the best we can to see them through.
intervention
The Isolation Helm exists to keep wearers safe from the social anxiety of wandering out into the public eye. You can read a more detailed description of this intervention here.
intervention
This altar exists to let users pivot between trending conspiracy theories with ease, allowing for the ability to keep up with the rising tides of frenetic communal panic as efficiently as possible.
intervention
The AmeriCoin Wallet is the American citizen's best friend and inescapable companion into the use and spending of Americoin on a daily basis, be it for casting votes, paying bail, or paying taxes.
intervention
This Brand Medallion is used to give citizens access to their data and files seamlessly across the franchised internets! The devices keep the data that pertains to the company, allowing users to tap into any digital device to view their info, at the cost of a bit of weight around the neck.
installation
The ceiling of the installation room is littered with documents depicting images and text. I wanted the entire space of the room to itself be a network which the viewer moves through as the navigate the space. The central pillar, seen on the left, is the origin of the internet, ornamented with old computers from the dawn of the internet. From there, across the ceiling, the images and text show and tell the various trends, technologies, and developments which are taking us into the futures depicted in each of the four corners. The map seen below offers a guide to the roof which shows this concept.
Thank you to Hammett Nurosi, Doug Scott, Becky Fong, Paul Soulellis, Kelsey Elder, Minkyoung Kim, Barron Webster, Mari Iwahara, Andy Pressman, Tom Weis, Leslie Fontana, & Rain Ruihua Yang for the mentorship, advice, and conversations!
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After the initial conclusion of the project, we proceeded to create physical, hand-bound copies of our process book, which you can see above. This project has since been featured in two shows at RISD, including the graphic design Triennial. This project has been a massive undertaking, and it's been incredible to watch it develop. We hope to keep pushing this forward more and more!